Idrac监控报错：登陆ideac卡后如下如所示：硬盘状态是红叉，状态是外来
命令行安装MegaCli
rpm -ivh MegaCli-8.07.08-1.noarch.rpm
查看包的安装路径
rpm -ql MegaCli-8.07.08-1.noarch
/opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli
/opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64
/opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/libstorelibir-2.so.14.07-0
执行状态检测命令：
/opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 -pdlist -aall |grep 'Firmware state'
Firmware state: Unconfigured(good), Spun Up
Firmware state: Online, Spun Up
Firmware state: Online, Spun Up
Firmware state: Online, Spun Up
Firmware state: Online, Spun Up
Firmware state: Online, Spun Up
Firmware state: Online, Spun Up
Firmware state: Online, Spun Up
此时的状态如下：
############
Enclosure Device ID: 32
Slot Number: 4
###Drive's position: DiskGroup: 0, Span: 2, Arm: 1 ###应该有这个信息的，但是这个没有
Enclosure position: 1
Device Id: 4
WWN: 5000C5005AAD3E28
Sequence Number: 1
Media Error Count: 0
Other Error Count: 0
Predictive Failure Count: 102
Last Predictive Failure Event Seq Number: 41501
PD Type: SAS
Raw Size: 558.911 GB [0x45dd2fb0 Sectors]
Non Coerced Size: 558.411 GB [0x45cd2fb0 Sectors]
Coerced Size: 558.375 GB [0x45cc0000 Sectors]
Sector Size: 0
Firmware state: Unconfigured(good), Spun Up
Device Firmware Level: ES66
Shield Counter: 0
Successful diagnostics completion on : N/A
SAS Address(0): 0x5000c5005aad3e29
SAS Address(1): 0x0
Connected Port Number: 0(path0)
Inquiry Data: SEAGATE ST3600057SS ES666SL5A74S
FDE Capable: Not Capable
FDE Enable: Disable
Secured: Unsecured
Locked: Unlocked
Needs EKM Attention: No
Foreign State: Foreign
Foreign Secure: Drive is not secured by a foreign lock key
Device Speed: 6.0Gb/s
Link Speed: 6.0Gb/s
Media Type: Hard Disk Device
Drive Temperature :45C (113.00 F)
PI Eligibility: No
Drive is formatted for PI information: No
PI: No PI
Port-0 :
Port status: Active
Port's Linkspeed: 6.0Gb/s
Port-1 :
Port status: Active
Port's Linkspeed: Unknown
Drive has flagged a S.M.A.R.T alert : Yes
############
执行导入命令
/opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 -CfgForeign -Import -aall
Foreign configuration is imported on controller 0.
Exit Code: 0x00
再次执行状态检测命令：
/opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 -pdlist -aall |grep 'Firmware state'
Firmware state: Rebuild
Firmware state: Online, Spun Up
Firmware state: Online, Spun Up
Firmware state: Online, Spun Up
Firmware state: Online, Spun Up
Firmware state: Online, Spun Up
Firmware state: Online, Spun Up
Firmware state: Online, Spun Up
查询 Rebuild 进度：
/opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 -pdrbld -showprog -physdrv[32:0] -a0
显示如下：
Rebuild Progress on Device at Enclosure 32, Slot 0 Completed 38% in 54 Minutes.
Exit Code: 0x00
或者
/opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 -pdrbld -ProgDsply -physdrv[32:0] -a0
显示如下：
Rebuild progress of physical drives...
Enclosure:Slot Percent Complete Time Elps
032 :00 ####################***40 %*********************** 00:56:40
Press <ESC> key to quit...
备注：
Enclosure Device ID: 32
Slot Number: 0
以上两条信息通过/opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 -pdlist -aall |less 来查看
扫描外来配置的个数：
# /opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 -cfgforeign -scan -a0
清除外来配置：
# /opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 -cfgforeign -clear -a0
再次扫描外来配置的个数：
# /opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 -cfgforeign -scan -a0
参考：http://erikimh.com/raid-rebuilding-foreign-disk-by-hand/
Megacli是一款管理维护硬件RAID的工具，有LSI公司提供，LSI公司的raid卡，使用的比较广泛。我们可以通过megacli了解当前raid卡的所有信息，包括raid卡的型号，raid的阵列类型，raid上的磁盘状态，也可以通过它来直接创建阵列，在线添加磁盘等。
一，Megacli工具安装
可以在LSI公司的官网直接下载工具：
http://www.lsi.com/downloads/Public/Nytro/downloads/Nytro%20XD/MegaCli_Linux.zip
下载完成之后，是一个zip包，然后解压，安装：
# unzip MegaCli_Linux.zip
# cd MegaCli_Linux
# ls
megacli_8.07.08-1_all.deb MegaCli-8.07.08-1.noarch.rpm MegaSAS.log# rpm -ivh MegaCli-8.07.08-1.noarch.rpm
安装成功之后，命令的默认安装路径为：
# /opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64
二，查看磁盘的状态
作用：显示Raid卡型号，Raid设置，整列类型，Disk相关信息
# /opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 -cfgdsply -aALL|less
1，查看raid整列类型和大小
如上图所示：
（1）通过RAID Level字段得知，disk group 0做的是一个raid5；
（2）disk group 0的大小为1.6TB；
2，查看raid的cache策略
如上图所示，raid的默认以及当前生效的cache策略为writeback（还有一种cache策略为WriteThrough）
策略说明：
（1）. 第一段: WriteBack, WriteThrough
* WriteBack：进行写操作时，将数据写入RAID卡缓存，并直接返回，RAID卡控制器将在系统负载低或者Cache满了的情况下把数据写入硬盘。该设置会大大提升RAID卡写性能，绝大多数的情况下会降低系统IO负载。 数据的可靠性由RAID卡的BBU(Battery Backup Unit)进行保证。大多数情况下，我们都使用这种策略。
* WriteThrough: 数据写操作不使用缓存，数据直接写入磁盘。RAID卡写性能明显下降，在大多数情况下该设置会造成系统IO负载上升。特别对于io负载很大的服务，表现特别明显。
（2）. 第二段: ReadAheadNone, ReadAdaptive, ReadAhead.
* ReadAheadNone: 不开启预读。这是默认的设置
* ReadAhead: 在读操作时，预先把后面顺序的数据加载入Cache，在顺序读取时，能提高性能，相反会降低随机读的性能。
* ReadAdaptive: 自适应预读，当Cache memory和IO空闲时，采取顺序预读，平衡了连续读性能及随机读的性能，需要消耗一定的计算能力。
（3）. 第三段: Direct, Cached.
* Direct: Direct IO模式，读操作不缓存到cache memory中，数据将同时传输到cache中和应用，如果接下来要读取相同的数据块，则直接从Cache memory中获取. 这是默认的设置
* Cached: Cached IO模式，所有读操作都会缓存到cache memory中。
（4）. 第四段: Write Cache OK if Bad BBU, No Write Cache if Bad BBU
* Write Cache OK if Bad BBU: 在BBU有问题时(如电池失效), 依旧使用Write Cache, 有一定的数据丢失风险.
* No Write Cache if Bad BBU: 在BBU有问题时, 不使用Write Cache
策略自动切换的问题由于MegaSAS RAID卡默认采用No Write Cache if Bad BBU的设置，将可能发生Write Cache策略变更的情况(由WriteBack变成WriteThrough)，导致写性能下降，如果该自动变更发生在业务高峰且系统Io负载高的时候，可能会引发不可预测的问题，如卡机。以下原因将造成Write Cache策略的变更.
（1）. RAID卡进入BBU Learn Cycle: 详细介绍见下面
（2）. 检测到某些电池故障，如电池容量过低等，一般是电池老化带来的影响，IBM建议一年更换一次RAID卡电池
（3）. 没有安装电池, 部分服务器购买时不带电池，导致被自动设置为WriteThrough
3，判定磁盘是否损坏
如上图所示，我们一般通过如上5个值，来判断磁盘是否应该报修：
1，Media Error
磁盘存在错误，可能是磁盘有坏道。值越大，越危险。根据磁盘状况，一般大于100报修更换。
2，Other Error
磁盘存在未知的错误，可能是磁盘松动，需要重新再插入。根据磁盘状况，一般大于100报修更换。
3，Predictive Failure Count
磁盘的预警数。一般大于0，就报修更换。
4，Last Predictive Failure Event Seq Number
最后一条预警的时间序列号。这个值不为0，肯定Predictive Failure Count也不为0
5，Firmware state
磁盘目前的状态。一般有9种，即
（1）Unconfigured Good – A drive accessible to the RAID controller but not configured as a part of
a virtual drive or as a hot spare.
（2）Online – A drive that can be accessed by the RAID controller and will be part of the virtual
drive.
（3）Rebuild – A drive to which data is being written to restore full redundancy for a virtual drive.
（4）Failed – A drive that was originally configured as Online or Hot Spare, but on which the
firmware detects an unrecoverable error.
（5）Unconfigured Bad – A drive on which the firmware detects an unrecoverable error; the drive
was Unconfigured Good or the drive could not be initialized.
（6）Missing – A drive that was Online, but which has been removed from its location.
（7）Offline – A drive that is part of a virtual drive but which has invalid data as far as the RAID
configuration is concerned.
（8）Hot Spare – A drive that is configured as a hot spare.
（9）None – A drive with an unsupported flag set. An Unconfigured Good or Offline drive that has
completed the prepare for removal operation.
（10）还有一种特殊的状态copyback：
从磁盘组中把数据复制到非磁盘组的磁盘中，然后等failed的盘更换之后，再从这个非磁盘组的磁盘中把数据给copyback回来。
做hot spare的盘，会出现这种情况：即原来的hot spare盘只是临时存放了数据，等failed的盘更换之后，把数据从hotspare的盘中复制回来，正常使用的还是新更换的盘，hot spare的盘永久做hot spare。
1.显示Rebuid进度
/opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 -PDRbld -ShowProg -physdrv[20:2] -aALL
2.查看E S
/opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 -PDList -aAll -NoLog | grep -Ei "(enclosure|slot)"
3.查看所有硬盘的状态
/opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 -PDList -aAll -NoLog
4.查看所有Virtual Disk的状态
/opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 -LdPdInfo -aAll -NoLog
RAID Level对应关系：
RAID Level : Primary-1, Secondary-0, RAID Level Qualifier-0 | RAID 1 |
RAID Level : Primary-0, Secondary-0, RAID Level Qualifier-0 | RAID 0 |
RAID Level : Primary-5, Secondary-0, RAID Level Qualifier-3 | RAID 5 |
RAID Level : Primary-1, Secondary-3, RAID Level Qualifier-0 | RAID 10 |
5.在线做Raid
/opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 -CfgLdAdd -r0[0:11] WB NORA Direct CachedBadBBU -strpsz64 -a0 -NoLog
/opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 -CfgLdAdd -r5 [12:2,12:3,12:4,12:5,12:6,12:7] WB Direct -a0
6.点亮指定硬盘（定位）
/opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 -PdLocate -start -physdrv[252:2] -a0
7.清除Foreign状态
/opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 -CfgForeign -Clear -a0
8.查看RAID阵列中掉线的盘
/opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 -pdgetmissing -a0
9.替换坏掉的模块
/opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 -pdreplacemissing -physdrv[12:10] -Array5 -row0 -a0
10.手动开启rebuid
/opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 -pdrbld -start -physdrv[12:10] -a0
11.查看Megacli的log
/opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 -FwTermLog dsply -a0 > adp2.log
12.设置HotSpare
/opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64-pdhsp -set[-Dedicated[-Array2]][-EnclAffinity][-nonRevertible]-PhysDrv[4:11]-a0
/opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64-pdhsp -set[-EnclAffinity][-nonRevertible]-PhysDrv[32：1}]-a0
MegaCli -PDHSP -Set -Dedicated -Array0 -physdrv[E:S] -a0 添加局部热备盘，其中array0表示第0个raid
MegaCli -pdhsp -set -physdrv[E:S] -a0 添加全局热备盘
MegaCli -pdhsp -rmv -physdrv[E:S] -a0 移除全局和热备局部热备
13.关闭Rebuild
/opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 -AdpAutoRbld -Dsbl -a0
14.设置rebuild的速率
/opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 -AdpSetProp RebuildRate -30 -a0
附其他详细命令：
1. 常用命令：
#/opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 -LDInfo -Lall -aALL 查raid级别
#/opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 -AdpAllInfo -aALL 查raid卡信息
#/opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 -PDList -aALL 查看硬盘信息
#/opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 -AdpBbuCmd -aAll 查看电池信息
#/opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 -FwTermLog -Dsply -aALL 查看raid卡日志
#/opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 -adpCount 【显示适配器个数】
#/opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 -AdpGetTime –aALL 【显示适配器时间】
#/opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 -AdpAllInfo -aAll 【显示所有适配器信息】
#/opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 -LDInfo -LALL -aAll 【显示所有逻辑磁盘组信息】
#/opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 -PDList -aAll 【显示所有的物理信息】
#/opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 -AdpBbuCmd -GetBbuStatus -aALL |grep ‘Charger Status’ 【查看充电状态】
#/opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 -AdpBbuCmd -GetBbuStatus -aALL【显示BBU状态信息】
#/opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 -AdpBbuCmd -GetBbuCapacityInfo -aALL【显示BBU容量信息】
#/opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 -AdpBbuCmd -GetBbuDesignInfo -aALL 【显示BBU设计参数】
#/opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 -AdpBbuCmd -GetBbuProperties -aALL 【显示当前BBU属性】
#/opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 -cfgdsply -aALL 【显示Raid卡型号，Raid设置，Disk相关信息】
#/opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 -adpallinfo -aall|grep -i temp 查看温度
2. 磁带状态的变化，从拔盘，到插盘的过程中
Device |Normal|Damage|Rebuild|Normal
Virtual Drive |Optimal|Degraded|Degraded|Optimal
Physical Drive |Online|Failed –> Unconfigured|Rebuild|Online
3. 查看磁盘缓存策略
#/opt/MegaCli -LDGetProp -Cache -L0 -a0
or
#/opt/MegaCli -LDGetProp -Cache -L1 -a0
or
#/opt/MegaCli -LDGetProp -Cache -LALL -a0
or
#/opt/MegaCli -LDGetProp -Cache -LALL -aALL
or
#/opt/MegaCli -LDGetProp -DskCache -LALL -aALL
4.设置磁盘缓存策略
缓存策略解释：
WT (Write through
WB (Write back)
NORA (No read ahead)
RA (Read ahead)
ADRA (Adaptive read ahead)
Cached
Direct
例子：
#/opt/MegaCli -LDSetProp WT|WB|NORA|RA|ADRA -L0 -a0
or
#/opt/MegaCli -LDSetProp -Cached|-Direct -L0 -a0
or
enable / disable disk cache
#/opt/MegaCli -LDSetProp -EnDskCache|-DisDskCache -L0 -a0
/opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 -DiscardPreservedCache -Lall -a0 -NoLOG 【清空缓存】
5. 创建一个 raid5 阵列，由物理盘 2,3,4 构成，该阵列的热备盘是物理盘 5
#/opt/MegaCli -CfgLdAdd -r5 [1:2,1:3,1:4] WB Direct -Hsp[1:5] -a0
6. 创建阵列，不指定热备
#/opt/MegaCli -CfgLdAdd -r5 [1:2,1:3,1:4] WB Direct -a0
7. 删除阵列
#/opt/MegaCli -CfgLdDel -L1 -a0
8. 在线添加磁盘
#/opt/MegaCli -LDRecon -Start -r5 -Add -PhysDrv[1:4] -L1 -a0
9. 阵列创建完后，会有一个初始化同步块的过程，可以看看其进度。
#/opt/MegaCli -LDInit -ShowProg -LALL -aALL
或者以动态可视化文字界面显示
#/opt/MegaCli -LDInit -ProgDsply -LALL -aALL
10. 查看阵列后台初始化进度
#/opt/MegaCli -LDBI -ShowProg -LALL -aALL
或者以动态可视化文字界面显示
#/opt/MegaCli -LDBI -ProgDsply -LALL -aALL
11. 指定第 5 块盘作为全局热备
#/opt/MegaCli -PDHSP -Set [-EnclAffinity] [-nonRevertible] -PhysDrv[1:5] -a0
12. 指定为某个阵列的专用热备
#/opt/MegaCli -PDHSP -Set [-Dedicated [-Array1]] [-EnclAffinity] [-nonRevertible] -PhysDrv[1:5] -a0
13. 删除全局热备
#/opt/MegaCli -PDHSP -Rmv -PhysDrv[1:5] -a0
14. 将某块物理盘下线/上线
#/opt/MegaCli -PDOffline -PhysDrv [1:4] -a0
15. 查看物理磁盘重建进度
#/opt/MegaCli -PDRbld -ShowProg -PhysDrv [1:5] -a0
或者以动态可视化文字界面显示
#/opt/MegaCli -PDRbld -ProgDsply -PhysDrv [1:5] -a0